Note: where only the year is known, the event is listed last in the events for that year.
• 1095-1099 •
1100-1120 •
1121-1144 •
1145-1163 •
1164-1187 •
1188-1197 •
1198-1214 •
1215-1220 •
1221-1229 •
1249-1257 •
1258-1269 •
1270-1291 •
| Events in Outremer | Events in Europe | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1230 | Apr | John Asen of Bulgaria defeats and captures Theodore Ducas of Epirus | |
| May 3 | Henry III lands in Brittany to support Peter of Dreux against Louis | ||
| Jul 23 | Treaty of San Germano | ||
| Sep 23 | Death of Alfonso IX of Leon; succeeded by his son, Ferdinand III of Castile, thus uniting the two kingdoms | ||
| Oct | Henry's expedition to Brittany ends and he returns to England | ||
| Death of Ottokar I, King of Bohemia; succeeded by his son Wenceslaus I | |||
| Herman von Salza takes possession of Chelmno; the Teutonic Knights begin their conquest of Prussia | |||
| Death of Walter von der Vogelweide, last of the minnesingers | |||
| 1231 | May | Henry as King of the Romans grants the "Constitution in favor of the princes", which gives them territorial sovereignty | |
| Jul 5 | Henry III and Louis IX sign a three-year peace treaty | ||
| Sep 16 | Lewis I, Duke of Bavaria, murdered | ||
| Dec | Henry III signs a truce with Llewelyn | ||
| Death of Vladislav III, Grand Prince of Poland | |||
| Frederick initiates the augustales, the first gold coins minted in western Europe since classical times | |||
| Pope Gregory appoints inquisitors against heresy in Germany | |||
| Gregory exempts Paris University from control by the cathedral | |||
| 1232 | May 2 | Richard Filangieri, imperial legate in Palestine, defeats John of Ibelin at Casal Imbert; John was leading an anti-imperial alliance | |
| Jun 15 | John of Ibelin defeats Filangieri at Agridi, Cyprus | ||
| 1233 | Apr | John of Ibelin expels Filangieri from Cyprus; Henry of Lusignan restored as King of Cyprus | |
| May | Gregory IX organizes the Holy Office (Inquisition) | ||
| Aug | Earl of Pembroke and Llewelyn of Wales rebel against Henry | ||
| Nov 25 | Pembroke defeats royal forces near Monmouth | ||
| 1234 | Apr 7 | Death of Sancho VII; his subjects elect his adopted heir, Count Theobald IV of Champagne | |
| Apr 15 | Richard the Marshal murdered | ||
| May | Louis IX marries Margaret of Provence | ||
| The princes of Germany ban the Inquisition there | |||
| 1235 | Mar 7 | Death of Andrew II of Hungary; succeeded by his son Béla IV | |
| Jul | Henry VII is deposed as King of the Romans following his failed revolt against his father | ||
| Jul 15 | Frederick marries his third wife, Isabella, sister of Henry III | ||
| Wenceslaus I grants privileges to Prague to encourage its settlement by Germans | |||
| Franciscan Friars arrive in Wroclaw | |||
| 1236 | Jan | Statute of Merton issued by Henry III | |
| Jan 14 | Henry III marries Eleanor of Provence | ||
| Jun 29 | Ferdinand of Castile and Leon takes Cordova | ||
| July | At Piacenza, Frederick declares his intention of recovering Italy for the Empire; Pope Gregory declares the papacy supreme according to the Donation of Constantine | ||
| Nov | Frederick burns Vicenza, then returns to Germany | ||
| Ezzelino da Romano becomes lord of Vicenza | |||
| Teutonic Knights complete their conquest of Prussia | |||
| Death of John of Ibelin, Lord of Beirut | |||
| Batu Khan conquers Georgia and the Volga Bulgars | |||
| 1237 | Jan | Henry III confirms the Magna Carta | |
| Jan | Frederick makes Vienna an imperial city | ||
| Feb | Frederick's son Conrad is elected King of the Romans | ||
| Ezzelino da Romano takes Padua, then Treviso | |||
| Mar 23 | Death of John of Brienne, co-emperor of Constantinople | ||
| Nov 27 | Frederick defeats the Lombard League at Cortenuova | ||
| Dec 21 | Mongols capture Riazan Russia | ||
| James of Aragon conquers Murcia | |||
| Pope Gregory confirms the absorption of the Sword Brothers by the Teutonic Knights | |||
| 1238 | Jan 7 | Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, marries Henry's sister, Eleanor | |
| Feb 8 | Batu Khan destroys Moscow | ||
| Mar | Batu fails to take Novgorod, and withdraws to the Don River valley | ||
| Mar 8 | Death of Sultan al-Kamil | ||
| Aug 3 | Frederick begins siege of Brescia | ||
| Sep | James of Aragon takes Valencia | ||
| Oct 9 | Frederick abandons siege of Brescia | ||
| 1239 | Mar 20 | Gregory excommunicates Frederick | |
| Mar 20 | Death of Hermann von Salza | ||
| Jun | Frederick invades Tuscany and the Romagna | ||
| Jun 17 | Birth of Edward I of England | ||
| Sep 1 | The crusade of King Theobald of Navarre arrives at Acre | ||
| Oct | Frederick abandons siege of Milan after six weeks | ||
| Nov 13 | Part of the crusading army is defeated by the Egyptians at Gaza | ||
| Nov 13 | Jaroslav, Grand Prince of Russia, begins making annual tribute payments to the Golden Horde | ||
| Béla IV of Hungary allows the Cumans, who are still pagan, to settle between the Danube and the Theiss | |||
| Central tower of Lincoln Cathedral collapses | |||
| 1240 | Mar 28 | Death of Waldemar II of Denmark; succeeded by his son Eric IV | |
| Apr | Frederick takes Faenza and Benevento | ||
| Apr 9 | Battle of Leignitz: Mongols defeat Poles and Teutonic Knights, after sacking Cracow. They then go on to ravage Silesia. They are finally defeated by the Bohemians, after which they retreat to Hungary. | ||
| Apr 11 | Larger Mongol army under Batu Khan defeats Hungarians on the Sajo River. They then plunder along the Danube until defeated by the Croatians at Grobnok. | ||
| Jun | John Asen III, Emperor of Bulgaria, dies; succeeded by his son Koloman | ||
| Aug 21 | Death of Gregory IX | ||
| Sep 10 | Archbishop of Mainz leads a revolt against Frederick | ||
| Oct 25 | Pope Celestine IV elected | ||
| Nov 10 | Pope Celestine dies | ||
| Dec 11 | Death of Ogodai, Great Khan of the Mongols | ||
| Dec 25 | Batu Khan captures Budapest | ||
| 1241 | Treaty between Hamburg and Lübeck; origin of the Hanseatic League | ||
| Louis IX founds Aigues-Mortes | |||
| Poland populated by Germans after the Mongols had massacred many of the natives | |||
| Reims Cathedral completed | |||
| 1242 | Apr 5 | Alexander Nevski of Novgorod defeats the Teutonic Knights on Lake Peipus | |
| May | Raymond of Toulouse and the Lusignans in Poitou rebel against Louis IX; Henry III supports the rebels | ||
| Jul 21 | Louis defeats Henry at Taillebourg; Henry leaves France and Louis is able to suppress the revolt of Toulouse and Poitou | ||
| Mongols leave central Europe on learning of the death of Ogodai. Batu now organizes his empire in Russia (Khanate of the Golden Horde) | |||
| Death of King Henry, Frederick II's son | |||
| Rebellion of Prussians against the Teutonic Knights | |||
| Jan | Raymond submits to Louis | ||
| Apr 7 | Treaty of peace between Louis and Henry | ||
| Sainte Chapelle begun | |||
| Boleslav V becomes Grand Prince of Poland | |||
| 1244 | Aug 23 | Christians expelled from Jerusalem and city sacked by the Khwarizmian Turks | |
| Oct 17 | Egyptians defeat Christians at La Forbie, near Gaza | ||
| Monségur, last refuge of the Cathars, falls | |||
| May | Philip III of France born | ||
| Jul 17 | Pope Innocent formally deposes Frederick as emperor | ||
| Jul 24 | Council of Lyons begins | ||
| John Carpini, a Franciscan, departs for Karakorum | |||
| Franciscans split into Conventual and Spiritual branches | |||
| 1246 | Feb 25 | Death of David of Wales; succeeded by Llewelyn ap Gruffyd | |
| May 22 | Pope Innocent supports the election of Henry Raspe, Landgrave of Thuringia as King of the Romans | ||
| Aug | Guyuk elected Great Khan of the Mongols | ||
| Death of Frederick the Valiant, last Babenberger Duke of Austria; Ottokar of Bohemia is elected to succeed | |||
| 1247 | Feb 17 | Death of Henry Raspe | |
| Aug 20 | Ferdinand of Castile and Leon begins siege of Seville | ||
| Oct 3 | Count William of Holland elected King of the Romans | ||
| Oct 15 | Egyptians capture Ascalon | ||
| Louis initiates the ênqueteurs | |||
| Guyuk Khan appoints Alexander Nevski as Prince of Kiev | |||
| 1248 | Feb 18 | Frederick defeated badly at Parma and is nearly captured | |
| Apr | Death of Guyuk, Great Khan of the Mongols | ||
| Aug 26 | Louis IX sails from France on crusade | ||
| Dec 22 | Seville surrenders to Ferdinand | ||
| Death of Sancho II of Portugal; succeeded by his brother Afonso III | |||
| Genoa conquers Rhodes | |||
| Cathedral of Cologne begun | |||